Abstract
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Abstract
Year 2021
September 2021

SHBC1613

Abstract Title
An Alternative Testing Algorithm for the Detection of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors

J.Q.THAM1, Y.G.LEE1, G.L.WEE1, P.Y.HENG1, M.S.WONG1

Institutions

Khoo Teck Puat Hospital1

Background & Hypothesis

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) ELISA-based test panels are useful screening tests for common autoimmune diseases. The Department of Laboratory Medicine of Khoo Teck Puat Hospital offers ANA-ELISA screen as an individual test request. ANA-ELISA positive specimens were only reported as ‘positive’, requiring clinicians to request for Anti-Extractable Nuclear Antigen panel (ENA) to identify the autoimmune antibodies that are present. In May 2019, a new autoimmune antibody identification panel (AAP) using immunoblot strips was added as an in-house reflex test to ANA-ELISA positive samples.

Methods

The immunoblot test strips are coated with highly purified antigen to detect antibodies against specific intracellular antigens. The antibodies detected by the in-house immunoblot assay is the same as the ENA panel that is sent to a referral laboratory. We assessed the difference in waiting time between ANA-ELISA request to an ENA/AAP result in the pre-implementation period and the post-implementation period.

Results

Pre-implementation of the new test assay, patients from outpatient clinics waited a range of 10 days to a maximum of 191 days between the initial ANA-ELISA request and the follow-up ENA panel test results. In contrast, the implementation of a reflex in-house AAP test after a positive ANA-ELISA test ensures the TAT to complete autoimmune antibody screen results is 7 days.

Discussion & Conclusion

In addition to a shorter TAT, in-house reflex testing reduces the need for the patients to return to the hospital for multiple consultations and specimen collections. A well-designed ANA reflex test algorithm can also improve appropriateness of autoimmune diagnostics.

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